The –masu form of Japanese verbs, in which all verbs end with ます, is the first form that you need to learn. We could go into more detail by saying that in Romaji, the -masu form of all verbs ends in either -emasu or –imasu.
Verbs ending in –emasu
たべます、はじめます、あけます
Verbs ending in –imasu
みます、おわります、かきます、あそびます
(1) Stem and ending
Japanese verbs can be broken down into a stem, and an ending. For the –masu form, the stem is the part of the verb that comes before -ます and the ending is -ます. The stem carries the main meaning of the verb such as たべ (eat) and あけ (open). The ending carries other qualities of the verb, such as tense, level of politeness etc.
Here’s a list of some common verbs in their –masu form:
Stem | Ending | ます form | English |
たべ | ます | たべます | Eat |
あけ | ます | あけます | Open |
おり | ます | おります | Get down/off |
し | ます | します | Do |
き | ます | きます | Come |
かき | ます | かきます | Write |
およぎ | ます | およぎます | Swim |
はなし | ます | はなします | Speak |
まち | ます | まちます | Wait |
しに | ます | しにます | Die |
あそび | ます | あそびます | Play |
よみ | ます | よみます | Read |
きり | ます | きります | Cut |
(2) Four tenses
The ますverb ending comes in four different varieties.
たべます。 | I eat. |
たべません。 | I don’t eat. |
たべました。 | I ate. |
たべませんでした。 | I didn’t eat. |
Summary
Here we learned that Japanese verbs have a stem and an ending. For the verb たべますfor example, the stem is たべand the ending is ます. We’ve also learned that the ます ending comes in four different varieties, ますませんましたませんでした