The -masu verb form

The –masu form of Japanese verbs, in which all verbs end with ます, is the first form that you need to learn. We could go into more detail by saying that in Romaji, the -masu form of all verbs ends in either -emasu or –imasu.

Verbs ending in –emasu

たべます、はじめます、あけます

Verbs ending in –imasu

みます、おわります、かきます、あそびます

(1) Stem and ending

Japanese verbs can be broken down into a stem, and an ending. For the –masu form, the stem is the part of the verb that comes before -ます and the ending is -ます. The stem carries the main meaning of the verb such as たべ (eat) and あけ (open). The ending carries other qualities of the verb, such as tense, level of politeness etc.

Here’s a list of some common verbs in their –masu form:

StemEndingます formEnglish
たべますたべますEat
あけますあけますOpen
おりますおりますGet down/off
ますしますDo
ますきますCome
かきますかきますWrite
およぎますおよぎますSwim
はなしますはなしますSpeak
まちますまちますWait
しにますしにますDie
あそびますあそびますPlay
よみますよみますRead
きりますきりますCut

(2) Four tenses

The ますverb ending comes in four different varieties.

たべます。 I eat.
たべません。 I don’t eat.
たべました。 I ate.
たべませんでした。 I didn’t eat.

Summary

Here we learned that Japanese verbs have a stem and an ending. For the verb たべますfor example, the stem is たべand the ending is ます. We’ve also learned that the ます ending comes in four different varieties, ますませんましたませんでした